Kirk's answer:

According to Bennett's "New Latin Grammar" when the enclitic -ne is used to ask a question, "it is appended to the emphatic word (which usually stands first)".

So I would hazard the guess that you would put just one -ne in your sentence, on the word you decided to emphasize by its lead position in the sentence.

Reference Wheelock Sixth Edition "LatIna est gaudium - et Utilis!" section of Chapter 5:

The line:

SalvEte, et amIcI et amIcae meae!

I translate this line as: Greetings, my male friends and female friends!

Kirk Lougheed" 's answer:

Michael's answer:

Both "ceno" and "culpo" are followed by "(1)" which means that they are *regular verbs of the first conjugation*. They are conjugated like amo or laudo and the four principal parts are:

amo, amare, amavi, amatum
laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum
ceno, cenare, cenavi, cenatum
culpo, culpare, culpavi, culpatum

Using the "(1)" saves a lot of needless typing. LaFleur explains this procedure in footnote 6 on page 21 (6th edition). I guess he could have made a bigger point of it. :)

"igitur" can go just about anywhere (see qualification below). It mustn't, however, break up words such as noun-adjective combinations that clearly belong together.

For example,

Therefore the handsome man gave roses to his beautiful girlfriend.

vir pulcher igitur rosas amicae formosae dedit.
or
vir pulcher amicae formosae igitur rosas dedit.
or
vir pulcher amicae formosae rosas igitur dedit.

It's a matter of what you want to stress in the sentence. But *avoid initial and final* positions. In longer sentences you'll get a feel for where "igitur" can go by speaking them out loud.

As a guide for *now*, put it after the first word unless that first word has another word closely connected to it.

In other words, keep nouns and their modifiers together. You'll develop a feel for this as time goes on and you read more Latin. Don't worry about it too much at this point. It will soon become a minor, almost unforgettable, point.

Kirk's answer:

According to Bennett's "New Latin Grammar"

1. A post-positive word is one that cannot begin a sentence, but is placed after one or more words.

2. "igitur" is regularly post-positive except in Sallust and Silver Latin.

So it would appear that igitur can wander all over the place, although it prefers the second place in a sentence

One of example of how igitur can be post-positive, but not second, is from Cicero's Pro Archia:

In his igitur tabulis nullam lituram in nomine A. Licini videtis.

Among these documents, therefore, we see no correction on the name of Aulus Licinus.

Cicero wanted to get his prepositional phrase "in his tabulis" decently started before he threw in his "igitur."

Looking in Sallust's Bellum Catalinae, he really loves igitur and it usually comes first in a sentence.

Joe Ireland's answer:

Looks fairly straightforward, Lyn. Tua agrees with patria and qualifies it. Te is probably the object of vocabit. It is only the fact that they have been put side by side that makes it look a bit odd.

Joe Ireland's answer:

Try translating malorum as "of evil men", and you will get a different slant on the sentence that will resolve your difficulty.

Patrick Dunn's answer:

Remember, an adjective can also act as a noun. In this case, I translated it "because of the fault of the evil [ones], yadda yadda yadda."

Michael's answer:

Try thinking it out this way:

poeta (the poet, Nominative case)
dabat (was giving / kept on giving, Verb in Imperfect Tense)
amicae (to his girlfriend, Dative--indirect object)

Now what was he giving her? There are three items in the Accusative case:

1. multas rosas
2. dona pulchra, (et)
3. basia

'rosa' is first declension feminine, so Accusative plural is 'rosas' (modified by 'multas')
'donum' is second declension neuter, so Acc. pl. is 'dona' (modified by 'pulchra')
'basium' is second declension neuter, so Acc. pl. is 'basia' (no adjectival modifier here)

They are connected by 'et'

So what is the poet giving to his girlfriend? Answer: multas rosas (and) pulchra dona (and) basia.

[Yes, 'amicae' could be Genitive singular, but not in this sentence. It wouldn't make sense. It would mean "the poet of the / a girlfriend was giving x, y and z." --- an incomplete thought on its own. (and slightly odd to boot: how many of your girlfriends have resident poets? even in Roman time personal poets were scarce. :) ]

['dona pulchra' is plural and *can appear* to be in apposition to 'multas rosas'. However, in this sentence it's part of a list of items he's giving her. And ask yourself: if you received "many roses", would you write in English that they were "beautiful giftS" or "a beautiful gift"? This is not the greatest guideline for translation; it's only meant to be an aid in translating this sentence.]

Mary's answer:

Your verb is the first word of the sentence. Supera.

Joe Ireland's answer:

It's not ambiguous in Latin, Andy. Another way of thinking of "satis" is "sufficient". He means when he's rich - or at least rich enough to look after his material needs.